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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_time 

Solar time

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Solar time is a calculation of the passage of time based on the position of the Sun in the sky. The fundamental unit of solar time is the day, based on the synodic rotation period. Two types of solar time are apparent solar time (sundial time) and mean solar time (clock time).

On a prograde planet like the Earth, the sidereal day is shorter than the solar day. At time 1, the Sun and a certain distant star are both overhead. At time 2, the planet has rotated 360° and the distant star is overhead again (1→2 = one sidereal day). But it is not until a little later, at time 3, that the Sun is overhead again (1→3 = one solar day). More simply, 1-2 is a complete rotation of the Earth, but because the revolution around the Sun affects the angle at which the Sun is seen from the Earth, 1-3 is how long it takes noon to return.

Doomsday Clock remains at 100 seconds to midnight amid climate change, cybersecurity and pandemi

 https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.6321614

Doomsday Clock remains at 100 seconds to midnight amid climate change, cybersecurity and pandemics.

The Doomsday Clock remains at 100 seconds to midnight.

The new time on the clock — a metaphorical representation of how close humanity is to destruction — was revealed Thursday morning by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

"Today, the members of the science and security board [SASB] find the world to be no safer than it was last year at this time, and therefore have decided to set the Doomsday Clock at 100 seconds to midnight," Rachel Bronson, president and CEO, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, said at a press conference via Zoom.

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"The Doomsday Clock continues to hover dangerously, reminding us how much work is needed to ensure a safer and healthier planet. We must continue to push the hands of the clock away from midnight."

Some of the issues of concern, the scientists noted, were nuclear proliferation, climate change, the pandemic, cybersecurity and the impacts of mis- and disinformation on social media. 

The organization noted the extreme effects of climate change over the past year, including the record-breaking heat in Western Canada and the U.S., as well as the record-breaking temperature in the Siberian Arctic, droughts in eastern Africa and floods in China and Europe.

 https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.cbc.ca/amp/1.6320282

The shorter work week: An idea whose time has finally come

  

We still haven't cottoned on to the connection between shorter hours and increased productivity

Jon Peirce - for CBC Opinion

Posted: 9 Hours Ago

This column is an opinion by Jon Peirce, a freelance writer based in Gatineau, Que. For more information about CBC's Opinion section, please see the FAQ.

At a time when pandemic-related positives of any sort are hard to find, it was good to see that some Ontario employers have been responding by bringing in a four-day work week. A number of these initiatives were chronicled in a recent CBC News article.

One such employer is Heather Payne, founder and CEO of Juno College, a Toronto vocational school. Over the next few months, Payne's employees will be transitioning to a four-day week, while continuing to be paid for five days. The purpose of the change is to "boost productivity, prioritize workers' health, and … retain talent."

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Welcome as this development is, one has to wonder why the message has taken so long to get through. To say the issue isn't new is to understate. I, for one, was actively researching it through the 1990s.

The first thing I learned was that the issue was far from new even then.

Good results in the 1930s

Enlightened American organizations like the Kellogg Cereal Company had introduced a 30-hour week — with good results — as early as 1930. For its part, the American labour movement and its congressional allies had succeeded in getting the Black-Connery bill, legislating a 30-hour week, through the U.S. Senate in 1933, at which point only determined arm-twisting by the Roosevelt administration kept Black-Connery from passing the House of Representatives.

When I attended a 1997 conference on shorter hours put on by a Toronto-based organization called 32 Hours, I found that North American labour movements seemed to be going backwards on the issue of work hours. Not a single policy proposal I heard put forward even raised the possibility of a legislated shorter work week, like those already in effect in Germany and the Netherlands, or of increases to overtime pay premiums, which would have given employers an incentive to hire more people rather than asking existing staff to put in overtime.

How strange that more people hadn't (and haven't) cottoned to the connection between shorter hours and increased productivity. 

The Kellogg's experience showed that a shorter week boosts productivity even in factory settings, where there may still be some sort of direct relationship between the number of person-hours of labour put in and the quantity of goods produced. That effect would be far greater in today's workplaces, where most work with their brains and it's pointless even to think about a linear relationship between hours worked and the quantity of goods (or services) produced